Triumph of The Will - film by Leni Riefenstahl Research Paper

Triumph of The Will - film by Leni Riefenstahl - Research Paper Example The film that was purportedly made under Hitler’s instructions (his name appears in the titles) contains extracts of speeches delivered by the  Nazi leaders  and includes speeches by  Hitler that are intermixed with footage of the gathered supporters. The main theme of this documentary was to instill a belief amongst the viewers that Germany  would return as  a super power under Hitler’s able leadership. Despite the director Riefenstahl’s claims that the film was a documentary, after its release in 1935, it was held as more of propaganda  film and was considered as one of the best propaganda films made in the history of cinematography.2 The techniques used in the movie like creating distorted images using a long focus lens, moving cameras, use of  aerial photography, and the innovative mix of cinematography with music (a new and revolutionary concept at that time) turned it into one of the  greatest films ever made.3 The film won many awards in Ge rmany and in other parts of the world, the US,  and it continues to influence documentaries and films even in the twenty-first century.4 This research paper explores the various facets of the movie, examines the concepts of art, documentary and propaganda, and analyses what transforms a documentary into a propaganda film. It will review various available literatures to derive that this film, despite claims by the director, is a documentary propaganda that attempted at portraying the Third Reich in a positive light. Discussion Films used as a popular medium for propaganda Propaganda manifests itself in various ways and during the years prior to WWII (1930s) its shape was framed by the place where it occurred, that is, Germany or the UK (the two main powers during the WW era). This is evident in the movies Night Mail by Harry Watt and Basil Wright, and Triumph of the Will by Leni Riefenstahl that revealed various ways in which propaganda can be used to influence viewers. Propaganda has a negative outlook from an overall perspective, given its adverse effect on mass viewers as well as individual audiences, which is evinced even in the 21st century. The term by itself tends to carry a disagreeable connotation; however, propaganda (under any conditions) can be classified as good or unpleasant depending on the benefits of the cause being portrayed through it and the degree of correctness of the information that is being relayed. In this context, it is interesting to note what Barnays wrote in his essay, â€Å"In itself, the word â€Å"propaganda† has certain technical meanings which, like most things in this world, are ‘neither good nor bad but custom makes them so.’†5 He defined the process as â€Å"a consistent, enduring effort to create or shape events to influence the relations of the public to an enterprise, idea or group†¦This practice of creating circumstances and of creating pictures in tem minds of people is very commonâ⠂¬ ¦Sometimes the effect on the public is created by a professional propagandist, sometimes by an amateur deputed for the job. The important thing is that it is universal and continuous; and in its sum total it is regimenting the public mind every bit as much as an army regiments the bodies of its soldiers.†6 Propaganda, which through the different eras were used to "to produce and spread fertile messages that, once sown, will germinate in large human cultures,†   took in a new form in 20th century, where propaganda were used mainly by the ruling political orders and desire to pass information that would â€Å"sway relevant groups of people in order to accommodate their agendas.†7After the Lumiere brothers (1896) successfully used a film for propaganda, it became a popular tool for the various state governments and other non-state actors

Psychodynamic Personality Theories Essay Example for Free

Psychodynamic Personality Theories Essay Contemporary society is intrigued with the notion of human behavior as it expresses itself in our personality. Psychoanalytic model is most noted for introspective strategies such as depth interviewing and projective techniques, which have emanated from its theoretical perspective. Classical psychoanalytic conceptualization approached the study of character or personality in two very different ways, each deriving from an early theoretical model of individual development. In the era of Freud’s original drive theory, an attempt was made to understand personality on the basis of fixation. Later with the development of ego psychology, character was conceived as expressing the operation of particular styles of defense. This second way of understanding character was not in conflict with the first; it provided a different set of ideas and metaphors for comprehending what was meant by a type of personality (Magnavita, 2002). The contemporary psychodynamic model of personality is very popular, particularly with clinical practitioners, and offers much that is useful for conceptualizing personality and personal disorders. The strength of this model seems to lie in the power of many of its fundamental constructs, such as the unconscious, defense systems, and the relation among component personality structures. It is hard to imagine a psychology of personality without some reference to these and other constructs. The limitations of this model are many. Unfortunately, after years of perpetuating itself in a closed system, a crisis developed about the viability of this model. Another draw back is the tendency to eschew empirical research, which would have established wider scientific acceptance. For many, the conceptualizations and esoteric language make it difficult to immerse oneself in what seems a dogmatic intellectualized system for those who hide behind language. In conclusion knowing where to approximately place an individual on the structural continuum is as much a clinical art as a science. Reference Magnavita, J. J. (2002). Theories of personality: contemporary approaches to the science of personality. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

sports management Essay examples -- essays research papers

Sports management is an area of professional endeavor in which a broad classification of sport affiliated careers exists. It is also an area of collegiate professional preparation. Careers in sports management are established in schools, collegiate sports programs, professional sports, amateur sports organizations, commercial sports establishments, sports arenas, etc. One factor of sports management is not only having athletes but also have a place to utilize their talents in. Facility management and marketing play a big role in the sports and computer industry. Facility management involves the co-ordination of the physical surrounding and related services with the user’s needs. In some cases, like privately owned gymnasiums, the facility itself is the service, while for other organizations, such as a boat club with a boat house, the facility is a storage place that aids the delivery of the service. Choosing the correct real estate for a sporting facility is vital to its succ ess. An apparent factor to contemplate is the number and proximity of prospective users. Use of a computer comes in an important role. You can use the computer to find the U.S. Bureau of Statistics printout on local government demographics to determine how many prospective users may be in the area. Other factors to take into consideration when building and managing a facility are the direct costs such as rent, utilities, insurance, physical satisfaction of the building, proximity to staff and suppliers, ...

Schools, Teachers, Students, and the Community Must Work Together :: Teaching Philosophy Education

Schools, Teachers, Students, and the Community Must Work Together Two weeks into my junior professional experience at County Middle School, I had what Dr. Bill has coined an "Aha!" moment. I was writing examples of regional dialects on the board, and pronouncing the sound variations between the dialects when I turned around and noticed my students’ expressions. They were completely engaged in the lesson. They were practicing the pronunciation of the dialects and giggling about how we all sounded. The scene was surreal. I was so overcome with the dynamic, that I stopped the lesson for a moment, took a deep breath, and thought to myself, "This is it. This is the moment that I have been thinking about since the first day I decided to become a teacher." I exhaled deeply, quietly smiled to myself, and proceeded with the lesson. That experience has taught me critical information about my teaching platform and what I believe the role of a school is in a community. Schools are a vital feature of communities. My vision of the school that I am most drawn to is a school that seeks to educate students beyond local knowledge and basic skills. By merging cultural and academic studies, schools have a tremendous opportunity to empower and enrich the lives of young people. With current emerging technological advances and a world economy, schools have a responsibility to prepare students to thrive in their local communities, but also in a global community. In order for schools to achieve these goals, parents, teachers, administrators, and the community share the responsibility of providing leadership and guidance to the students. Schools are the catalyst for learning, but teachers are the vehicles that have the challenging job of transporting and imparting the information. Teachers have a responsibility to impart academic information that is culturally relevant and age-appropriate. A successful teacher knows that teaching is a full-time job, which requires a personal commitment to continuous, professional development and research of teaching strategies. In other words, teachers have to continue to be students of the profession, seeking to implement current research and diversity into the curriculum whenever possible. Schools, Teachers, Students, and the Community Must Work Together :: Teaching Philosophy Education Schools, Teachers, Students, and the Community Must Work Together Two weeks into my junior professional experience at County Middle School, I had what Dr. Bill has coined an "Aha!" moment. I was writing examples of regional dialects on the board, and pronouncing the sound variations between the dialects when I turned around and noticed my students’ expressions. They were completely engaged in the lesson. They were practicing the pronunciation of the dialects and giggling about how we all sounded. The scene was surreal. I was so overcome with the dynamic, that I stopped the lesson for a moment, took a deep breath, and thought to myself, "This is it. This is the moment that I have been thinking about since the first day I decided to become a teacher." I exhaled deeply, quietly smiled to myself, and proceeded with the lesson. That experience has taught me critical information about my teaching platform and what I believe the role of a school is in a community. Schools are a vital feature of communities. My vision of the school that I am most drawn to is a school that seeks to educate students beyond local knowledge and basic skills. By merging cultural and academic studies, schools have a tremendous opportunity to empower and enrich the lives of young people. With current emerging technological advances and a world economy, schools have a responsibility to prepare students to thrive in their local communities, but also in a global community. In order for schools to achieve these goals, parents, teachers, administrators, and the community share the responsibility of providing leadership and guidance to the students. Schools are the catalyst for learning, but teachers are the vehicles that have the challenging job of transporting and imparting the information. Teachers have a responsibility to impart academic information that is culturally relevant and age-appropriate. A successful teacher knows that teaching is a full-time job, which requires a personal commitment to continuous, professional development and research of teaching strategies. In other words, teachers have to continue to be students of the profession, seeking to implement current research and diversity into the curriculum whenever possible.

Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen

Independent Reading A Guide to Pride and Prejudice Jane Austen â€Å"Follies and nonsense, whims and inconsistencies do divert me, I own, and I laugh at them whenever I can. † Special Considerations Copyright Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. The Novel at a Glance Pride and Prejudice (1813) is a comedy of manners that explores how considerations of money, family background, and personal vanity can complicate the course of true love. Setting: Mostly in rural Hertfordshire in England in the late eighteenth century.Protagonist: Elizabeth Bennet, the most intelligent and complex daughter in a family of five unmarried isters who have no prospect of inheriting wealth. Structure: The novel is divided into three each subdivided into many short chapters. The plot involves pairs of lovers who seem destined never to get together because of the opposition of powerful blocking fgures and forces. The couples, however, after bringing the entire community together, are happily married in the end. Conflicts: The plot is propelled by the need of the female characters to find suitable husbands.The main conflicts are the obstacles or blocks that get in the way of achieving these marriages. The obstacles are both external (the want of beauty, money, sense, r social connections) and internal (an inability to discern the true character or feelings of another). Resolution: By learning from her experience and honestly evaluating herself, Elizabeth gains a husband who is not only wealthy but truly worthy. She overcomes her prejudice against Fitzwilliam Darcy, which was based on his appearance of pride, and he overcomes his prejudice against her family, which was based on pride in his own social rank and good manners.Themes: Knowledge comes through caretul reasoning and considered experience, unclouded by pride or prejudice based on rank or mere appearances. Of Special Note: By means of comic irony and satirical exaggeration, Austen exposes the social and moral foll ies of her society. The vocabulary of Pride and Prejudice should pose no major problems to upper-grade-level students reading at grade level, but all students, especially those reading below grade level, should be prepared to encounter a society whose social and economic conditions are markedly different from those of today.They can learn a great deal about Austen's world from the novel itself, but some understanding of the British system of inherited wealth and the position of omen within that system during the early nineteenth century will help orient them. Background Entailed Property. In the traditional British class system, wealth was passed on via the inheritance of family property, an annual income for life, or both. Inherited wealth conferred far more status than money earned by work. Family estates were usually inherited by the oldest son; and other sons, and sometimes daughters, were given smaller incomes.An entail is a restriction on the inheritance of family property, an d in the case of the Bennets, the entail stipulated that Longbourn, the family home, be passed on to a male cousin. The Eighteenth-century Gentlewoman. The Bennet sisters were considered gentlewomen because their father had inherited some wealth and therefore did not have to work to earn money. Because of the entail, however, they would not inherit any wealth of their own, unlike Georgiana Darcy and Caroline Bingley, whose fathers' estates were so large that all the children were designated to inherit.Since it was not respectable or generally even feasible for gentlewomen to work, the Bennet sisters had no option but to find husbands who could support them and maintain their position in the class to which they were born. If they did not marry, hey would have to depend on the generosity of male relatives. Jane Austen's own situation was typical of the time: she remained with her father until he died and then moved to her brother's house. What was not typical was that she wrote books and was paid for her work. Pride and Prejudice 1 Mrs.Bennet, a frivolous woman, bent on making advantageous matches for her five daughters but lacking the ability to Judge the worth of their prospective suitors. She makes silly comments, otten at inappropriate times. Mr. Bennet, an intelligent but usually aloof man who looks on his wife and the marital dilemmas of his daughters with detached amusement. Notable for witty comments. Jane Bennet, the eldest daughter (in her early twenties), very beautiful and sweet- tempered, always ready to think well of others and modestly of herself†the friend and foil of her sister Elizabeth.Elizabeth Bennet, at first too quick and confident in her Judgments, she refines her knowledge of herself and her ability to evaluate others. More outspoken and opinionated than her sister Jane. Mary, Catherine (Kitty), and Lydia Bennet, the three younger sisters, flat characters who change little in response to experience. Mary is a pedant with no real kn owledge. Lydia's high spirits are unrestrained by good ense. Charles Bingley, a good-looking, wealthy, and agreeable young man, who falls in love with Jane but whose courtship of Jane is not encouraged by his friend Darcy or his fashionable sister Caroline, who wishes to marry Darcy.Functions as a foil for Darcy. Fitzwilliam Darcy, a handsome, dignified gentleman, heir to great property and wealth. A reserved man, ill at ease with strangers and mindful of social rank. He strikes the Bennets as cold and aloof. Falls in love with Elizabeth. Reverend William Collins, a clergyman and cousin of Mr. Bennet, who has ingratiated himself with the formidable Lady Catherine de Bourgh and stands to inherit Longbourn. He is accepted by Elizabeth's plain, practical friend, Charlotte Lucas, after Elizabeth rejects his marriage proposals.

Marijuana and its effects on mental health

Marijuana and its effects on mental health Marijuana is a drug used commonly in the world among teenagers. The countries most affected are New Zealand, United States of America, Australia and several countries in Western Europe. It is estimated that around162 million people all over the world use marijuana and this represents 3.9 percent of the population worldwide (Sundram, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marijuana and its effects on mental health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is believed that the consumption of this drug is associated with several negative impacts on human health. Therefore, this paper seeks to analyze the epidemiological research study findings that will show the relationship between marijuana and its effects on mental health. Marijuana is a drug that is smoked like a cigarette. Studies show that the drug has adverse effects on the brain of the users. It has an active herbal component that is referred to as tetrahydrocannabina l that is known for its negative effects on cannabinoid receptors (Murray Bevins 2010). Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinal greatly affects the CB receptors. To understand the altering role of cannabis, it is necessary to understand that CB receptors are divided into CB1 and CB2. CB1 plays a variety of regulatory roles in the body and is found in many parts of the brain. On the other hand, CB2 receptors play the role of regulating the immune system. CB! Activates G-proteins then reduce the production of Calcium ions while increasing Potassium ion distribution. These processes lead to â€Å"†¦depolarization-induced suppression of inhibition† (Murray and Bevins, 2010, p. 266). This process generally leads to impeding of transmission from the presynaptic terminal.† Endogenous cannabinoid becomes more at the post synaptic stage causing further postsynaptic excitation. The effect of marijuana on the CB1 receptors have has great impacts on the daily activities of an individual . The synaptic processes are great factors in learning and the process of memorization. In precision, use of marijuana affects an individual’s memory and learning process through the impact of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinal component that affects the CB1 receptors. This happens through the inhibition of endocannabinoid signaling which is a prerequisite for the learning process that takes place in the cerebrum. Furthermore, the same endocannabinoid signaling is a prerequisite for the processes of memorization that take place in the amygdale (Murray, Morrison, Henquet Forti, 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other studies have also pointed out that early stages of marijuana use leads to reduced blood flow to the brain. This is referred to as cerebral blood flow. However, the effect is not similar with experienced marijuana users of whom the study pointed out increa se in cerebral blood flow. As compared to placebo, the use of marijuana generally increased cerebral blood flow in the globe especially in the frontal lobe and the right hemisphere. Another study pointed out increased metabolism in the cerebral after induction of marijuana (OLeary, Block, Koeppel, Flaum, Schultz, Andreasen,Ponto, Watkins,Hurtig Hichwa,2002). Short-term memory is another victim of increased use of cannabis. According to Iversen (2003), several studies have been carried out and proved that short term memory is greatly impaired by increased use of cannabis. It has been proved that most users of marijuana faired poorly in tests that included attention. On other studies carried out on animals, it was clearly founded that THC which is the most active component of marijuana, synthetic cannabinoids and anandamide affect an individual’s short term memory. This was very evident also in tasks that involved spatial learning. He further shows that cannabinoids affect to a great extend the hippocampus. The effects of the use of marijuana can be comparable to those exhibited by the removal of this important part of the brain (Richardson, 2010). Cannabinoids impair with the ability of this part to process the sensory information through disrupting of the hippocampal circuits. There are other effects of marijuana on the brain that have not been scientifically proved. For instance, medical research on deceases associated with brains show that there is an increase in chances of having several of these deceases in individuals who smoke marijuana. For instance, Sundram (2006) argues that the use of marijuana can be associated with most of the common mental health problems. Among them are strong links between use of cannabis and depression. In addition, cannabis was also linked to anxiety, bipolar disorder, manic and hypomanic symptoms, psychosis et cetera.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Marijuana and its effects on mental health s pecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In his conclusion, it is clear that there is a complex relationship between the use cannabis and these mental diseases. However, it calls for further research because so far no clear causes have been identified. Even so, use of cannabis has been scientifically tested and proved to have exacerbate the symptoms of most of the mental diseases. Murray et al (2007) bring out another negative effect of marijuana on the brain. In their argument, they purport that use of marijuana negatively implicates on higher brain functions. This can be attributed to the effects of THC on the neocortex. Neocortex is affected by marijuana given the high concentration of CB1 in it. The effect of THC on pre and post synaptic processes is explained earlier in the paper. As a result of these, marijuana users tend to experience time moving faster than the normal speed at which the rest of the people experience. If asked t estimate the t ime spent during a period, they tend to over-estimate time. On the other side, if asked to give cue after an estimated period of time, they tend to give the cue after a shorter duration that outlined. Laaris, Good Lupica (2010) argue that marijuana has great effects on the hypothalamus. The endocannabinoid anandamide had been proved to be a great stimulant of food intake in animals. The study concluded that the hypothalamus contained the endocannabinoids which play an integral role in regulation of food intake. This points out that impairment of the CB1 receptors in the hypothalamus might have effects on the control of food intake. Use of marijuana (which is actually the injection of THC) inhibits the production of leptin and hence increases the appetite of the individual. This means that use of marijuana impairs with an individual’s ability to control food intake. In conclusion, research has clearly pointed out that use of marijuana has drastic effects on the functioning of the brain. The CB1 receptors which are very common in the brain when impaired can have negative effects on high level functioning of the brain, short term memory, food intake regulation, increase in cerebral blood flow and exacerbation of symptoms of mental health complications. All these effects of marijuana are caused by the Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinal, and other active chemical elements found in marijuana that alter the functioning of the CB1 elements in the brain. Although the use of marijuana has been associated with some few positive effects, the negative ones simply outweigh them.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is therefore important that an individual understands the effects that the drug has on their brain and how this impacts their day to day lives before making the decision of using marijuana. Reference List Iversen, L. (2003). Cannabis and the brain. Brain, 126, 1252-1270. Laaris, N., Good, C., Lupica, C. (201O).Tetrahydrocannabinol is a full at CB1 Receptors on GABA neuron axon terminals in the hippocampus.  Neuropharmacology, 59, 121-127. Murray, J., Bevins, R., (2010). Cannabinoid conditioned reward and aversion: Behavioral and neural process. ACS Chemical neuroscience, 1, 265 -278. Murray, R., Morrison, P., Henquet, C., Forti, M. (2007). Cannabis, and mind the Society: the hash realities.Science and society, 8, 885. OLeary, D., Block, R., Koeppel, J., Faum, M., Schultz, S., Andreasen, A., Ponto, L.,Watkins, G., Hurtig, G., Hichwa, R. (2002). Effects of smoking marijuana on perfusion and cognition. Neuropsychopharmacology, 26(6), 802-816. Richardson, T. (2010). Cannabis us e and mental health: A review of recent epidemiological research. International journal of pharmacology, 6(6), 796-807 Sundram, S., (2006).Cannabis and neurodevelopment: implications for psychiatric disorders. Human psychopharmacology, 21, 245.

The eNotes Blog Scholarship Spotlight March2015

Scholarship Spotlight March2015 Every month, will select some of the best scholarships around and post them on our blog. Take a look at this month’s selected scholarships!  When you are ready to apply, check out our tips  on How to Write a Scholarship Essay. Find even more scholarships and resources  here. PGSF Annual Scholarship Competition Amount:$1,000-$5,000 Eligibility: Must be pursuing a career in graphic communications, printing technology, printing management, or publishing, high school senior or high school graduate, enrolled in a two or four year accredited graphic or printing program at a technical school, college or university within the United States, full time student, GPA of 3.0 or higher Requirements: Two letters of recommendation, transcript, and essay. Must be willing to join the PGSF Facebook page and participate in a variety of program activities Due Date: April 1, 2015 NBNA Black Nurses Scholarship   Amount:$1,000-$6,000 Eligibility: Must be a member of the NBNA (instructions on how to apply can be found with the scholarship application), must be currently enrolled in a nursing program with one full year of school remaining Requirements: Two essays, two letters of recommendation, official transcript, professional headshot Due Date: April 15, 2015 PFLAG National Scholarship Amount: $1,000-$5,000 Eligibility: Self identify as gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) or an ally, demonstrate an interest to serve in the LGBT community, be a senior entering higher education, have applied to an accredited U.S. higher education institution Requirements: Completed application Due Date: April 30, 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers General Scholarships Amount:$1,000-$6,000 Eligibility: Must be a full time undergraduate student in a four year college, a two year technical program, or enrolled in a graduate program, as well as demonstrated an interest in the plastics industry. Classes should be beneficial to a career in the plastics/polymer industry, and students must be in good academic standing with their school. Requirements: Three letters of recommendation, transcript, resume, and essay Due Date: March 1, 2015